Education Exchange Replay: Private Schools Have the Edge on Civic Education

Date:

December 24, 2024

Education Exchange Replay: Private Schools Have the Edge on Civic Education – Education Next

Meta-analysis finds public schools no more effective—and likely less—at preparing students to become citizens

Photo of Patrick Wolf In this replay episode of the Education Exchange, Patrick J. Wolf, a professor of Education Policy at the University of Arkansas, joins Paul E. Peterson to discuss Wolf’s new research, which investigates the impact of private education on civic knowledge, skills and participation.

“The Public Purposes of Private Education: a Civic Outcomes Meta-Analysis,” co-written with M. Danish Shakeel, Alison Heap Johnson, Mattie A. Harris and Sarah R. Morris, is available now at Educational Psychology Review.

Last Updated

December 23, 2024

Notify Me When Education Next

Posts a Big Story

Where to Take Your Christmas Tree for Recycling in Boulder County

Supramolecular scaffolds support growth of human and plant cells

Popular

With the midterms looming, Trump has no real way out of his gas price problem

CODAF: Bridging the gap between policymakers and grassroots communities through MAMRN Project

This El Niño is different. Here’s why

Deal of the Day: Save 20% on Handful

Financial Literacy Skills for Teens: Budget Breakdown

With the midterms looming, Trump has no real way out of his gas price problem

circ team - September 4, 2026

CODAF: Bridging the gap between policymakers and grassroots communities through MAMRN Project

circ team - September 4, 2026

The Community Development Advocacy Foundation (CODAF) is a...

This El Niño is different. Here’s why

circ team - September 3, 2026

The catastrophic weather phenomenon El Niño is brewing...

Deal of the Day: Save 20% on Handful

circ team - September 3, 2026

The school year may have you running from...

About us

Circ is the world's leading resource for news, insights, and inspiration on the circular economy – a revolutionary approach to encouraging real impactful change that prioritizes building a sustainable tomorrow.
Our mission is to empower individuals, businesses, and policymakers to embrace a circular future, by highlighting content that tackles real issues affecting every person and everything on our planet.
Here, you'll find engaging content that explores the transformative power of the circular economy in achieving the ambitious goals outlined by the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We delve into innovative solutions that decouple economic prosperity from environmental degradation, ensuring a thriving planet for future generations.
Whether you're a seasoned circular economy expert or concerned about the challenges impacting our world, our website offers valuable resources to navigate this exciting shift toward a more sustainable and equitable world.

The latest

With the midterms looming, Trump has no real way out of his gas price problem

Climate Action September 4, 2026 0

CODAF: Bridging the gap between policymakers and grassroots communities through MAMRN Project

Consumption of Chemical and waste September 4, 2026 0

The Community Development Advocacy Foundation (CODAF) is a...

This El Niño is different. Here’s why

Climate Action September 3, 2026 0

The catastrophic weather phenomenon El Niño is brewing...

.tdc-footer-template .td-main-content-wrap{padding-bottom:0} const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); /* <![CDATA[ */ var tds_js_globals = {"wpRestNonce":"1220dd10d4","wpRestUrl":"https:\/\/circularsymphony.com\/wp-json\/","permalinkStructure":"\/%postname%\/"}; /* ]]> */ jQuery().ready(function () { var tdbSearchItem = new tdbSearch.item(); //block unique ID tdbSearchItem.blockUid = 'tdi_39'; tdbSearchItem.blockAtts = '{"form_align":"content-horiz-left","results_msg_align":"content-horiz-center","image_floated":"float_left","image_width":"30","image_size":"td_324x400","show_cat":"","show_btn":"none","show_date":"","show_review":"none","show_com":"none","show_excerpt":"none","show_author":"none","meta_padding":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIDAgMCAxMnB4IiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIwIDAgMCAxMHB4IiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiMCAwIDAgMTBweCJ9","art_title":"eyJwaG9uZSI6IjAiLCJhbGwiOiIwIDAgMTBweCAwIiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiMCAwIDZweCAwIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIwIDAgNHB4IDAifQ==","all_modules_space":"eyJhbGwiOiIyMCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTUiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiIxNSJ9","icon_padding":"eyJhbGwiOjIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMS42In0=","icon_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNyIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTUifQ==","all_underline_color":"","tdc_css":"eyJhbGwiOnsiZGlzcGxheSI6ImlubGluZS1ibG9jayJ9LCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOnsiZGlzcGxheSI6ImlubGluZS1ibG9jayJ9LCJsYW5kc2NhcGVfbWF4X3dpZHRoIjoxMTQwLCJsYW5kc2NhcGVfbWluX3dpZHRoIjoxMDE5LCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6eyJkaXNwbGF5IjoiaW5saW5lLWJsb2NrIn0sInBvcnRyYWl0X21heF93aWR0aCI6MTAxOCwicG9ydHJhaXRfbWluX3dpZHRoIjo3Njh9","toggle_horiz_align":"content-horiz-left","results_msg_padding":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjdweCJ9","results_limit":"6","modules_gap":"20","form_width":"eyJhbGwiOiI5MDAiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiI4MDAiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjcwMCJ9","form_offset_left":"eyJhbGwiOiItOTYiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiItOTIiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6Ii03NCJ9","results_padding":"eyJhbGwiOiIyNXB4IDIwcHgiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjIwcHggMjBweCJ9","btn_bg":"#ec3535","btn_bg_h":"#000000","btn_color_h":"#ffffff","f_results_msg_font_style":"normal","f_results_msg_font_family":"653","f_results_msg_font_size":"12","f_results_msg_font_transform":"uppercase","results_msg_color":"#ec3535","results_msg_color_h":"#000000","f_title_font_family":"456","f_title_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNSIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTEiLCJwaG9uZSI6IjIwIiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiMTQifQ==","f_title_font_line_height":"1.2","form_shadow_shadow_size":"16","form_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"2","form_shadow_shadow_color":"rgba(0,0,0,0.09)","f_input_font_family":"653","f_input_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTMifQ==","f_placeholder_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTMifQ==","f_placeholder_font_family":"653","arrow_color":"#ffffff","title_txt":"#000000","title_txt_hover":"#ec3535","f_toggle_txt_font_line_height":"3","tdicon":"td-icon-magnifier-big-rounded","f_toggle_txt_font_family":"653","f_toggle_txt_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTMifQ==","toggle_txt_pos":"","toggle_txt_color":"#000000","f_toggle_txt_font_weight":"600","show_form":"yes","toggle_txt":"Search","form_align_screen":"","placeholder_travel":"13","f_title_font_weight":"600","meta_info_align":"center","results_border":"0","form_border":"0","f_results_msg_font_weight":"600","icon_color":"#000000","icon_color_h":"#ec3535","toggle_txt_color_h":"#ec3535","modules_on_row":"50%","mc1_tl":"15","btn_icon_size":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjEwIn0=","modules_category_padding":"3px 0","modules_category_margin":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIDVweCAwIDAiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjAgM3B4IDAgMCJ9","cat_bg":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","cat_bg_hover":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","cat_txt":"#ec3535","cat_txt_hover":"#000000","f_cat_font_family":"653","f_cat_font_transform":"uppercase","f_meta_font_family":"653","f_cat_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMiIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTEifQ==","f_meta_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMiIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTEifQ==","f_cat_font_line_height":"1","f_meta_font_line_height":"1","block_type":"tdb_header_search","post_type":"","disable_trigger":"","show_results":"yes","separator":"","disable_live_search":"","exclude_pages":"","exclude_posts":"","search_section_header":"","results_section_1_title":"","results_section_1_taxonomies":"","results_section_1_level":"","results_section_2_title":"","results_section_2_taxonomies":"","results_section_2_level":"","results_section_3_title":"","results_section_3_taxonomies":"","results_section_3_level":"","results_section_search_query_terms":"","results_section_search_query_terms_title":"","results_section_search_query_terms_taxonomies":"","sec_title_space":"","sec_title_color":"","tax_space":"","tax_title_color":"","tax_title_color_h":"","f_sec_title_font_header":"","f_sec_title_font_title":"Section title text","f_sec_title_font_settings":"","f_sec_title_font_family":"","f_sec_title_font_size":"","f_sec_title_font_line_height":"","f_sec_title_font_style":"","f_sec_title_font_weight":"","f_sec_title_font_transform":"","f_sec_title_font_spacing":"","f_sec_title_":"","f_tax_title_font_title":"Taxonomy title text","f_tax_title_font_settings":"","f_tax_title_font_family":"","f_tax_title_font_size":"","f_tax_title_font_line_height":"","f_tax_title_font_style":"","f_tax_title_font_weight":"","f_tax_title_font_transform":"","f_tax_title_font_spacing":"","f_tax_title_":"","toggle_txt_align":"0","toggle_txt_space":"","inline":"","float_block":"","form_offset":"","form_content_width":"","form_padding":"","input_placeholder":"","input_padding":"","input_border":"","input_radius":"","btn_text":"Search","btn_tdicon":"","btn_icon_pos":"","btn_icon_space":"","btn_icon_align":"0","btn_margin":"","btn_padding":"","btn_border":"","btn_radius":"","results_msg_border":"","mc1_title_tag":"","mc1_el":"","open_in_new_window":"","m_padding":"","modules_border_size":"","modules_border_style":"","modules_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_divider":"","modules_divider_color":"#eaeaea","h_effect":"","image_alignment":"50","image_height":"","image_radius":"","hide_image":"","video_icon":"","show_vid_t":"block","vid_t_margin":"","vid_t_padding":"","vid_t_color":"","vid_t_bg_color":"","f_vid_time_font_header":"","f_vid_time_font_title":"Video duration text","f_vid_time_font_settings":"","f_vid_time_font_family":"","f_vid_time_font_size":"","f_vid_time_font_line_height":"","f_vid_time_font_style":"","f_vid_time_font_weight":"","f_vid_time_font_transform":"","f_vid_time_font_spacing":"","f_vid_time_":"","excl_show":"inline-block","excl_txt":"","excl_margin":"","excl_padd":"","all_excl_border":"","all_excl_border_style":"solid","excl_radius":"","excl_color":"","excl_color_h":"","excl_bg":"","excl_bg_h":"","all_excl_border_color":"","excl_border_color_h":"","f_excl_font_header":"","f_excl_font_title":"Label text","f_excl_font_settings":"","f_excl_font_family":"","f_excl_font_size":"","f_excl_font_line_height":"","f_excl_font_style":"","f_excl_font_weight":"","f_excl_font_transform":"","f_excl_font_spacing":"","f_excl_":"","meta_info_horiz":"content-horiz-left","meta_width":"","meta_margin":"","meta_info_border_size":"","meta_info_border_style":"","meta_info_border_color":"#eaeaea","art_btn":"","modules_category":"","modules_cat_border":"","modules_category_radius":"0","modules_extra_cat":"","author_photo":"","author_photo_size":"","author_photo_space":"","author_photo_radius":"","show_modified_date":"","time_ago":"","time_ago_add_txt":"ago","time_ago_txt_pos":"","review_space":"","review_size":"2.5","review_distance":"","art_excerpt":"","excerpt_col":"1","excerpt_gap":"","excerpt_middle":"","btn_title":"","btn_border_width":"","form_general_bg":"","f_toggle_txt_font_header":"","f_toggle_txt_font_title":"Text","f_toggle_txt_font_settings":"","f_toggle_txt_font_style":"","f_toggle_txt_font_transform":"","f_toggle_txt_font_spacing":"","f_toggle_txt_":"","form_bg":"","form_border_color":"","form_shadow_shadow_header":"","form_shadow_shadow_title":"Shadow","form_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","form_shadow_shadow_spread":"","input_color":"","placeholder_color":"","placeholder_opacity":"0","input_bg":"","input_border_color":"","input_shadow_shadow_header":"","input_shadow_shadow_title":"Input shadow","input_shadow_shadow_size":"","input_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","input_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","input_shadow_shadow_spread":"","input_shadow_shadow_color":"","btn_color":"","btn_icon_color":"","btn_icon_color_h":"","btn_border_color":"","btn_border_color_h":"","btn_shadow_shadow_header":"","btn_shadow_shadow_title":"Button shadow","btn_shadow_shadow_size":"","btn_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","btn_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","btn_shadow_shadow_spread":"","btn_shadow_shadow_color":"","f_input_font_header":"","f_input_font_title":"Input text","f_input_font_settings":"","f_input_font_line_height":"","f_input_font_style":"","f_input_font_weight":"","f_input_font_transform":"","f_input_font_spacing":"","f_input_":"","f_placeholder_font_title":"Placeholder text","f_placeholder_font_settings":"","f_placeholder_font_line_height":"","f_placeholder_font_style":"","f_placeholder_font_weight":"","f_placeholder_font_transform":"","f_placeholder_font_spacing":"","f_placeholder_":"","f_btn_font_title":"Button text","f_btn_font_settings":"","f_btn_font_family":"","f_btn_font_size":"","f_btn_font_line_height":"","f_btn_font_style":"","f_btn_font_weight":"","f_btn_font_transform":"","f_btn_font_spacing":"","f_btn_":"","results_bg":"","results_border_color":"","results_msg_bg":"","results_msg_border_color":"","f_results_msg_font_header":"","f_results_msg_font_title":"Text","f_results_msg_font_settings":"","f_results_msg_font_line_height":"","f_results_msg_font_spacing":"","f_results_msg_":"","m_bg":"","color_overlay":"","shadow_module_shadow_header":"","shadow_module_shadow_title":"Module Shadow","shadow_module_shadow_size":"","shadow_module_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_module_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_module_shadow_spread":"","shadow_module_shadow_color":"","all_underline_height":"","cat_border":"","cat_border_hover":"","meta_bg":"","author_txt":"","author_txt_hover":"","date_txt":"","ex_txt":"","com_bg":"","com_txt":"","rev_txt":"","shadow_meta_shadow_header":"","shadow_meta_shadow_title":"Meta info shadow","shadow_meta_shadow_size":"","shadow_meta_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_meta_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_meta_shadow_spread":"","shadow_meta_shadow_color":"","btn_bg_hover":"","btn_txt":"","btn_txt_hover":"","btn_border_hover":"","f_title_font_header":"","f_title_font_title":"Article title","f_title_font_settings":"","f_title_font_style":"","f_title_font_transform":"","f_title_font_spacing":"","f_title_":"","f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","f_cat_font_settings":"","f_cat_font_style":"","f_cat_font_weight":"","f_cat_font_spacing":"","f_cat_":"","f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","f_meta_font_settings":"","f_meta_font_style":"","f_meta_font_weight":"","f_meta_font_transform":"","f_meta_font_spacing":"","f_meta_":"","f_ex_font_title":"Article excerpt","f_ex_font_settings":"","f_ex_font_family":"","f_ex_font_size":"","f_ex_font_line_height":"","f_ex_font_style":"","f_ex_font_weight":"","f_ex_font_transform":"","f_ex_font_spacing":"","f_ex_":"","el_class":"","block_template_id":"","td_column_number":1,"header_color":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","offset":"","limit":"5","td_ajax_preloading":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_filter_default_txt":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","color_preset":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","border_top":"","css":"","class":"tdi_39","tdc_css_class":"tdi_39","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_39_rand_style"}'; tdbSearchItem.jqueryObj = jQuery('.tdi_39'); tdbSearchItem._openSearchFormClass = 'tdb-drop-down-search-open'; tdbSearchItem._resultsLimit = '6'; tdbSearch.addItem( tdbSearchItem ); }); /* global jQuery:{} */ jQuery(document).ready( function () { var tdbMenuItem = new tdbMenu.item(); tdbMenuItem.blockUid = 'tdi_44'; tdbMenuItem.jqueryObj = jQuery('.tdi_44'); tdbMenuItem.blockAtts = '{"main_sub_tdicon":"td-icon-down","sub_tdicon":"td-icon-right-arrow","mm_align_horiz":"content-horiz-center","modules_on_row_regular":"20%","modules_on_row_cats":"25%","image_size":"td_324x400","modules_category":"image","show_excerpt":"none","show_com":"none","show_date":"none","show_author":"none","mm_sub_align_horiz":"content-horiz-right","mm_elem_align_horiz":"content-horiz-right","menu_id":"6","tds_menu_sub_active":"tds_menu_sub_active1","tds_menu_active":"tds_menu_active1","tds_menu_active1-line_width":"0","block_type":"tdb_header_menu","show_subcat":"","show_mega":"","show_mega_cats":"","mob_load":"","separator":"","width":"","inline":"","more":"","float_right":"","align_horiz":"content-horiz-left","elem_space":"","elem_padd":"","main_sub_icon_size":"","main_sub_icon_space":"","main_sub_icon_align":"-1","sep_tdicon":"","sep_icon_size":"","sep_icon_space":"","sep_icon_align":"-1","more_txt":"","more_tdicon":"","more_icon_size":"","more_icon_align":"0","sub_width":"","sub_first_left":"","sub_rest_top":"","sub_padd":"","sub_align_horiz":"content-horiz-left","sub_elem_inline":"","sub_elem_space":"","sub_elem_padd":"","sub_elem_radius":"0","sub_icon_size":"","sub_icon_space":"","sub_icon_pos":"","sub_icon_align":"1","mm_width":"","mm_content_width":"","mm_height":"","mm_padd":"","mm_radius":"","mm_offset":"","mm_align_screen":"","mm_posts_limit":"5","mm_subcats_posts_limit":"4","mm_child_cats":"","open_in_new_window":"","mm_ajax_preloading":"","mm_hide_all_item":"","mm_sub_width":"","mm_sub_padd":"","mm_sub_border":"","mm_sub_inline":"","mm_elem_order":"name","mm_elem_space":"","mm_elem_padd":"","mm_elem_border":"","mm_elem_border_a":"","mm_elem_border_rad":"","mc1_tl":"","mc1_title_tag":"","mc1_el":"","modules_gap":"","m_padding":"","all_modules_space":"36","modules_border_size":"","modules_border_style":"","modules_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_divider":"","modules_divider_color":"#eaeaea","h_effect":"","image_alignment":"50","image_height":"","image_width":"","image_floated":"no_float","image_radius":"","hide_image":"","video_icon":"","show_vid_t":"block","vid_t_margin":"","vid_t_padding":"","vid_t_color":"","vid_t_bg_color":"","f_vid_time_font_header":"","f_vid_time_font_title":"Video duration text","f_vid_time_font_settings":"","f_vid_time_font_family":"","f_vid_time_font_size":"","f_vid_time_font_line_height":"","f_vid_time_font_style":"","f_vid_time_font_weight":"","f_vid_time_font_transform":"","f_vid_time_font_spacing":"","f_vid_time_":"","excl_show":"inline-block","excl_txt":"","excl_margin":"","excl_padd":"","all_excl_border":"","all_excl_border_style":"solid","excl_radius":"","excl_color":"","excl_color_h":"","excl_bg":"","excl_bg_h":"","all_excl_border_color":"","excl_border_color_h":"","f_excl_font_header":"","f_excl_font_title":"Label text","f_excl_font_settings":"","f_excl_font_family":"","f_excl_font_size":"","f_excl_font_line_height":"","f_excl_font_style":"","f_excl_font_weight":"","f_excl_font_transform":"","f_excl_font_spacing":"","f_excl_":"","show_audio":"block","hide_audio":"","art_audio":"","art_audio_size":"1","meta_info_align":"","meta_info_horiz":"content-horiz-left","meta_width":"","meta_margin":"","meta_padding":"","art_title":"","meta_info_border_size":"","meta_info_border_style":"","meta_info_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_category_margin":"","modules_category_padding":"","modules_cat_border":"","modules_category_radius":"0","show_cat":"inline-block","modules_extra_cat":"","author_photo":"","author_photo_size":"","author_photo_space":"","author_photo_radius":"","show_modified_date":"","time_ago":"","time_ago_add_txt":"ago","time_ago_txt_pos":"","art_excerpt":"","excerpt_col":"1","excerpt_gap":"","excerpt_middle":"","show_review":"inline-block","review_space":"","review_size":"2.5","review_distance":"","show_pagination":"","pag_space":"","pag_padding":"","pag_border_width":"","pag_border_radius":"","prev_tdicon":"","next_tdicon":"","pag_icons_size":"","text_color":"","main_sub_color":"","sep_color":"","more_icon_color":"","hover_opacity":"","f_elem_font_header":"","f_elem_font_title":"Elements text","f_elem_font_settings":"","f_elem_font_family":"","f_elem_font_size":"","f_elem_font_line_height":"","f_elem_font_style":"","f_elem_font_weight":"","f_elem_font_transform":"","f_elem_font_spacing":"","f_elem_":"","sub_bg_color":"","sub_border_size":"","sub_border_color":"","sub_border_radius":"","sub_text_color":"","sub_elem_bg_color":"","sub_color":"","sub_shadow_shadow_header":"","sub_shadow_shadow_title":"Shadow","sub_shadow_shadow_size":"","sub_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","sub_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","sub_shadow_shadow_spread":"","sub_shadow_shadow_color":"","f_sub_elem_font_header":"","f_sub_elem_font_title":"Elements text","f_sub_elem_font_settings":"","f_sub_elem_font_family":"","f_sub_elem_font_size":"","f_sub_elem_font_line_height":"","f_sub_elem_font_style":"","f_sub_elem_font_weight":"","f_sub_elem_font_transform":"","f_sub_elem_font_spacing":"","f_sub_elem_":"","mm_bg":"","mm_content_bg":"","mm_border_size":"","mm_border_color":"","mm_shadow_shadow_header":"","mm_shadow_shadow_title":"Shadow","mm_shadow_shadow_size":"","mm_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","mm_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","mm_shadow_shadow_spread":"","mm_shadow_shadow_color":"","mm_subcats_bg":"","mm_subcats_border_color":"","mm_elem_color":"","mm_elem_color_a":"","mm_elem_bg":"","mm_elem_bg_a":"","mm_elem_border_color":"","mm_elem_border_color_a":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_header":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_title":"Elements shadow","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_size":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_spread":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_color":"","f_mm_sub_font_header":"","f_mm_sub_font_title":"Sub categories elements","f_mm_sub_font_settings":"","f_mm_sub_font_family":"","f_mm_sub_font_size":"","f_mm_sub_font_line_height":"","f_mm_sub_font_style":"","f_mm_sub_font_weight":"","f_mm_sub_font_transform":"","f_mm_sub_font_spacing":"","f_mm_sub_":"","m_bg":"","color_overlay":"","shadow_shadow_header":"","shadow_shadow_title":"Module Shadow","shadow_shadow_size":"","shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_shadow_spread":"","shadow_shadow_color":"","title_txt":"","title_txt_hover":"","all_underline_height":"","all_underline_color":"#000","cat_bg":"","cat_bg_hover":"","cat_txt":"","cat_txt_hover":"","cat_border":"","cat_border_hover":"","meta_bg":"","author_txt":"","author_txt_hover":"","date_txt":"","ex_txt":"","com_bg":"","com_txt":"","rev_txt":"","shadow_m_shadow_header":"","shadow_m_shadow_title":"Meta info shadow","shadow_m_shadow_size":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_m_shadow_spread":"","shadow_m_shadow_color":"","audio_btn_color":"","audio_time_color":"","audio_bar_color":"","audio_bar_curr_color":"","pag_text":"","pag_h_text":"","pag_bg":"","pag_h_bg":"","pag_border":"","pag_h_border":"","f_title_font_header":"","f_title_font_title":"Article title","f_title_font_settings":"","f_title_font_family":"","f_title_font_size":"","f_title_font_line_height":"","f_title_font_style":"","f_title_font_weight":"","f_title_font_transform":"","f_title_font_spacing":"","f_title_":"","f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","f_cat_font_settings":"","f_cat_font_family":"","f_cat_font_size":"","f_cat_font_line_height":"","f_cat_font_style":"","f_cat_font_weight":"","f_cat_font_transform":"","f_cat_font_spacing":"","f_cat_":"","f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","f_meta_font_settings":"","f_meta_font_family":"","f_meta_font_size":"","f_meta_font_line_height":"","f_meta_font_style":"","f_meta_font_weight":"","f_meta_font_transform":"","f_meta_font_spacing":"","f_meta_":"","f_ex_font_title":"Article excerpt","f_ex_font_settings":"","f_ex_font_family":"","f_ex_font_size":"","f_ex_font_line_height":"","f_ex_font_style":"","f_ex_font_weight":"","f_ex_font_transform":"","f_ex_font_spacing":"","f_ex_":"","mix_color":"","mix_type":"","fe_brightness":"1","fe_contrast":"1","fe_saturate":"1","mix_color_h":"","mix_type_h":"","fe_brightness_h":"1","fe_contrast_h":"1","fe_saturate_h":"1","el_class":"","tdc_css":"","block_template_id":"","td_column_number":3,"header_color":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","offset":"","limit":"5","td_ajax_preloading":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_filter_default_txt":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","color_preset":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","border_top":"","css":"","class":"tdi_44","tdc_css_class":"tdi_44","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_44_rand_style","context":""}'; tdbMenuItem.isMegaMenuParentPos = true; tdbMenuItem.megaMenuLoadType = ''; tdbMenu.addItem(tdbMenuItem); }); /* global jQuery:{} */ jQuery(document).ready( function () { var tdbMenuItem = new tdbMenu.item(); tdbMenuItem.blockUid = 'tdi_56'; tdbMenuItem.jqueryObj = jQuery('.tdi_56'); tdbMenuItem.blockAtts = '{"mm_align_horiz":"content-horiz-left","modules_on_row_regular":"20%","modules_on_row_cats":"20%","image_size":"","modules_category":"above","show_excerpt":"none","show_com":"none","show_date":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6Im5vbmUifQ==","show_author":"none","mm_sub_align_horiz":"content-horiz-right","mm_elem_align_horiz":"content-horiz-center","menu_id":"6","tdc_css":"eyJhbGwiOnsiei1pbmRleCI6IjAiLCJkaXNwbGF5IjoiIn0sImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6eyJkaXNwbGF5IjoiIn0sImxhbmRzY2FwZV9tYXhfd2lkdGgiOjExNDAsImxhbmRzY2FwZV9taW5fd2lkdGgiOjEwMTksInBvcnRyYWl0Ijp7ImRpc3BsYXkiOiIifSwicG9ydHJhaXRfbWF4X3dpZHRoIjoxMDE4LCJwb3J0cmFpdF9taW5fd2lkdGgiOjc2OH0=","tds_menu_active1-line_color":"","f_elem_font_family":"653","f_elem_font_transform":"none","f_elem_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTMifQ==","f_elem_font_weight":"600","f_elem_font_line_height":"eyJhbGwiOiI1NHB4IiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiI0NXB4IiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiNTBweCJ9","more_icon_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMyIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTEiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiIxMiJ9","elem_space":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMCIsImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6IjgiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjUifQ==","elem_padd":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIDEwcHgiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiIwIDhweCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMCA1cHgifQ==","mm_width":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjEwMCUiLCJhbGwiOiIxMzkyIiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiMTAwJSJ9","mm_align_screen":"yes","main_sub_icon_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiI4IiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiOSJ9","main_sub_icon_align":"0","main_sub_icon_space":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiI2In0=","more_tdicon":"td-icon-dots-circle-medium","tds_menu_sub_active1-sub_text_color_h":"#f43f3f","f_sub_elem_font_family":"653","f_sub_elem_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMyIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTIifQ==","f_sub_elem_font_line_height":"2","f_sub_elem_font_weight":"600","sub_elem_padd":"5px 25px","mm_sub_width":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMDAlIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIxMjAiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiIxNDAifQ==","mm_sub_border":"0","mm_elem_border":"2","mm_elem_border_a":"0","mm_elem_padd":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjAiLCJhbGwiOiIwIn0=","mm_border_size":"0","sub_shadow_shadow_size":"16","sub_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"0","sub_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"2","sub_shadow_shadow_color":"rgba(0,0,0,0.12)","mm_shadow_shadow_size":"16","mm_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"4","mm_shadow_shadow_color":"rgba(0,0,0,0.12)","mm_elem_color":"#000000","mm_elem_color_a":"#f43f3f","mm_elem_order":"id","mm_elem_space":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiNSIsImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6IjgifQ==","mm_elem_bg":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","mm_elem_bg_a":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","mm_elem_border_color_a":"#000000","mm_sub_padd":"eyJhbGwiOiIyMHB4IiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIxNXB4In0=","f_mm_sub_font_family":"653","f_mm_sub_font_weight":"600","f_mm_sub_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTIiLCJsYW5kc2NhcGUiOiIxMyJ9","show_cat":"none","f_title_font_family":"653","f_title_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNCIsImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6IjEzIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIxMSJ9","f_title_font_line_height":"1.2","f_title_font_weight":"600","f_title_font_transform":"","title_txt":"#000000","title_txt_hover":"#f43f3f","image_height":"70","all_modules_space":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIyMCJ9","pag_text":"#000000","pag_h_text":"#f43f3f","pag_bg":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","pag_h_bg":"rgba(255,255,255,0)","meta_padding":"eyJhbGwiOiIxNXB4IDAgMCAwIiwibGFuZHNjYXBlIjoiMTJweCAwIDAgMCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTBweCAwIDAgMCJ9","art_excerpt":"0","modules_gap":"eyJhbGwiOiIyMCIsImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6IjE1IiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIxMCJ9","mm_padd":"eyJhbGwiOiIyMCIsInBvcnRyYWl0IjoiMTUifQ==","pag_space":"eyJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjEwIn0=","text_color":"#000000","tds_menu_active1-line_height":"0","tds_menu_active1-line_alignment":"50","tds_menu_active1-text_color_h":"#f43f3f","mm_subcats_bg":"#ffffff","mm_subcats_posts_limit":"5","mm_child_cats":"6","mm_ajax_preloading":"preload","mm_hide_all_item":"yes","pag_icons_size":"22","show_mega":"yes","align_horiz":"content-horiz-right","mm_sub_inline":"yes","art_title":"eyJhbGwiOiIwIDAgOHB4IDAiLCJwb3J0cmFpdCI6IjAifQ==","f_meta_font_family":"653","f_meta_font_size":"13","pag_border_width":"0","prev_tdicon":"tdc-font-tdmp tdc-font-tdmp-arrow-left","next_tdicon":"tdc-font-tdmp tdc-font-tdmp-arrow-right","meta_info_horiz":"content-horiz-center","excl_margin":"-4px 5px 0 0","excl_padd":"3px 5px","excl_radius":"2","excl_color":"#ffffff","excl_color_h":"#ffffff","excl_bg":"#ec3535","excl_bg_h":"#ec3535","f_excl_font_family":"653","f_excl_font_transform":"uppercase","f_excl_font_size":"eyJhbGwiOiIxMiIsImxhbmRzY2FwZSI6IjExIiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIxMCJ9","f_excl_font_weight":"500","f_excl_font_line_height":"1","f_excl_font_spacing":"eyJhbGwiOiItMC41IiwicG9ydHJhaXQiOiIwIn0=","date_txt":"#000000","tds_menu_active":"tds_menu_active1","mm_radius":"2","mc1_title_tag":"h2","sub_align_horiz":"content-horiz-center","sub_elem_inline":"yes","block_type":"tdb_header_menu","show_subcat":"","show_mega_cats":"","mob_load":"","separator":"","width":"","inline":"","more":"","float_right":"","main_sub_tdicon":"","sep_tdicon":"","sep_icon_size":"","sep_icon_space":"","sep_icon_align":"-1","more_txt":"","more_icon_align":"0","sub_width":"","sub_first_left":"","sub_rest_top":"","sub_padd":"","sub_elem_space":"","sub_elem_radius":"0","sub_tdicon":"","sub_icon_size":"","sub_icon_space":"","sub_icon_pos":"","sub_icon_align":"1","mm_content_width":"","mm_height":"","mm_offset":"","mm_posts_limit":"5","open_in_new_window":"","mm_elem_border_rad":"","mc1_tl":"","mc1_el":"","m_padding":"","modules_border_size":"","modules_border_style":"","modules_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_divider":"","modules_divider_color":"#eaeaea","h_effect":"","image_alignment":"50","image_width":"","image_floated":"no_float","image_radius":"","hide_image":"","video_icon":"","show_vid_t":"block","vid_t_margin":"","vid_t_padding":"","vid_t_color":"","vid_t_bg_color":"","f_vid_time_font_header":"","f_vid_time_font_title":"Video duration text","f_vid_time_font_settings":"","f_vid_time_font_family":"","f_vid_time_font_size":"","f_vid_time_font_line_height":"","f_vid_time_font_style":"","f_vid_time_font_weight":"","f_vid_time_font_transform":"","f_vid_time_font_spacing":"","f_vid_time_":"","excl_show":"inline-block","excl_txt":"","all_excl_border":"","all_excl_border_style":"solid","all_excl_border_color":"","excl_border_color_h":"","f_excl_font_header":"","f_excl_font_title":"Label text","f_excl_font_settings":"","f_excl_font_style":"","f_excl_":"","show_audio":"block","hide_audio":"","art_audio":"","art_audio_size":"1","meta_info_align":"","meta_width":"","meta_margin":"","meta_info_border_size":"","meta_info_border_style":"","meta_info_border_color":"#eaeaea","modules_category_margin":"","modules_category_padding":"","modules_cat_border":"","modules_category_radius":"0","modules_extra_cat":"","author_photo":"","author_photo_size":"","author_photo_space":"","author_photo_radius":"","show_modified_date":"","time_ago":"","time_ago_add_txt":"ago","time_ago_txt_pos":"","excerpt_col":"1","excerpt_gap":"","excerpt_middle":"","show_review":"inline-block","review_space":"","review_size":"2.5","review_distance":"","show_pagination":"","pag_padding":"","pag_border_radius":"","main_sub_color":"","sep_color":"","more_icon_color":"","hover_opacity":"","f_elem_font_header":"","f_elem_font_title":"Elements text","f_elem_font_settings":"","f_elem_font_style":"","f_elem_font_spacing":"","f_elem_":"","sub_bg_color":"","sub_border_size":"","sub_border_color":"","sub_border_radius":"","sub_text_color":"","sub_elem_bg_color":"","sub_color":"","sub_shadow_shadow_header":"","sub_shadow_shadow_title":"Shadow","sub_shadow_shadow_spread":"","tds_menu_sub_active":"tds_menu_sub_active1","f_sub_elem_font_header":"","f_sub_elem_font_title":"Elements text","f_sub_elem_font_settings":"","f_sub_elem_font_style":"","f_sub_elem_font_transform":"","f_sub_elem_font_spacing":"","f_sub_elem_":"","mm_bg":"","mm_content_bg":"","mm_border_color":"","mm_shadow_shadow_header":"","mm_shadow_shadow_title":"Shadow","mm_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","mm_shadow_shadow_spread":"","mm_subcats_border_color":"","mm_elem_border_color":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_header":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_title":"Elements shadow","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_size":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_spread":"","mm_elem_shadow_shadow_color":"","f_mm_sub_font_header":"","f_mm_sub_font_title":"Sub categories elements","f_mm_sub_font_settings":"","f_mm_sub_font_line_height":"","f_mm_sub_font_style":"","f_mm_sub_font_transform":"","f_mm_sub_font_spacing":"","f_mm_sub_":"","m_bg":"","color_overlay":"","shadow_shadow_header":"","shadow_shadow_title":"Module Shadow","shadow_shadow_size":"","shadow_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_shadow_spread":"","shadow_shadow_color":"","all_underline_height":"","all_underline_color":"#000","cat_bg":"","cat_bg_hover":"","cat_txt":"","cat_txt_hover":"","cat_border":"","cat_border_hover":"","meta_bg":"","author_txt":"","author_txt_hover":"","ex_txt":"","com_bg":"","com_txt":"","rev_txt":"","shadow_m_shadow_header":"","shadow_m_shadow_title":"Meta info shadow","shadow_m_shadow_size":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_horizontal":"","shadow_m_shadow_offset_vertical":"","shadow_m_shadow_spread":"","shadow_m_shadow_color":"","audio_btn_color":"","audio_time_color":"","audio_bar_color":"","audio_bar_curr_color":"","pag_border":"","pag_h_border":"","f_title_font_header":"","f_title_font_title":"Article title","f_title_font_settings":"","f_title_font_style":"","f_title_font_spacing":"","f_title_":"","f_cat_font_title":"Article category tag","f_cat_font_settings":"","f_cat_font_family":"","f_cat_font_size":"","f_cat_font_line_height":"","f_cat_font_style":"","f_cat_font_weight":"","f_cat_font_transform":"","f_cat_font_spacing":"","f_cat_":"","f_meta_font_title":"Article meta info","f_meta_font_settings":"","f_meta_font_line_height":"","f_meta_font_style":"","f_meta_font_weight":"","f_meta_font_transform":"","f_meta_font_spacing":"","f_meta_":"","f_ex_font_title":"Article excerpt","f_ex_font_settings":"","f_ex_font_family":"","f_ex_font_size":"","f_ex_font_line_height":"","f_ex_font_style":"","f_ex_font_weight":"","f_ex_font_transform":"","f_ex_font_spacing":"","f_ex_":"","mix_color":"","mix_type":"","fe_brightness":"1","fe_contrast":"1","fe_saturate":"1","mix_color_h":"","mix_type_h":"","fe_brightness_h":"1","fe_contrast_h":"1","fe_saturate_h":"1","el_class":"","block_template_id":"","td_column_number":2,"header_color":"","ajax_pagination_infinite_stop":"","offset":"","limit":"5","td_ajax_preloading":"","td_ajax_filter_type":"","td_filter_default_txt":"","td_ajax_filter_ids":"","color_preset":"","ajax_pagination":"","ajax_pagination_next_prev_swipe":"","border_top":"","css":"","class":"tdi_56","tdc_css_class":"tdi_56","tdc_css_class_style":"tdi_56_rand_style","context":""}'; tdbMenuItem.isMegaMenuFull = true; tdbMenuItem.megaMenuLoadType = 'preload'; tdbMenu.addItem(tdbMenuItem); }); jQuery().ready(function () { var tdsLeadsItem = new tdsLeads.item(); // Block unique ID. tdsLeadsItem.blockUid = 'tdi_97'; tdsLeadsItem.jqueryObj = jQuery('.tdi_97'); // Google reCaptcha. tdsLeadsItem.showCaptcha = false; tdsLeadsItem.captchaSiteKey = ''; // Button texts. tdsLeadsItem.subscribeBtnTxt = 'I want in' tdsLeadsItem.unSubscribeBtnTxt = 'Unsubscribe' // Acknowledgement checkbox. tdsLeadsItem.acknowledgementCheckboxShow = true; tdsLeadsItem.acknowledgementCheckboxMsg = 'SSd2ZSUyMHJlYWQlMjBhbmQlMjBhY2NlcHQlMjB0aGUlMjAlM0NhJTIwaHJlZiUzRCUyMiUyMyUyMiUzRVByaXZhY3klMjBQb2xpY3klM0MlMkZhJTNFLg=='; // Redirect URLs. tdsLeadsItem.subscribedRdrURL = ''; tdsLeadsItem.unSubscribedRdrURL = ''; // AJAX submit. tdsLeadsItem.ajaxSubmit = false; // In composer flag. // info/error messages tdsLeadsItem.messages = {"ack_require":"Acknowledgment is required!","captcha_user_score":"CAPTCHA user score failed. Please contact us!","captcha_failed":"CAPTCHA verification failed!","success_subscribe":"Successfully subscribed!","success_unsubscribe":"Successfully unsubscribed!","input_placeholder":"Email address","unsubscribe_msg":"WW91IGhhdmUgYWxyZWFkeSBzdWJzY3JpYmVkIHRvIHRoaXMgbWFpbGluZyBsaXN0IQ=="}; tdsLeads.addItem( tdsLeadsItem ); }); jQuery().ready(function () { var tdsLeadsItem = new tdsLeads.item(); // Block unique ID. tdsLeadsItem.blockUid = 'tdi_141'; tdsLeadsItem.jqueryObj = jQuery('.tdi_141'); // Google reCaptcha. tdsLeadsItem.showCaptcha = false; tdsLeadsItem.captchaSiteKey = ''; // Button texts. tdsLeadsItem.subscribeBtnTxt = 'Join Us' tdsLeadsItem.unSubscribeBtnTxt = 'Unsubscribe' // Acknowledgement checkbox. tdsLeadsItem.acknowledgementCheckboxShow = true; tdsLeadsItem.acknowledgementCheckboxMsg = 'SSd2ZSUyMHJlYWQlMjBhbmQlMjBhY2NlcHQlMjB0aGUlMjAlM0NhJTIwaHJlZiUzRCUyMiUyMyUyMiUzRVByaXZhY3klMjBQb2xpY3klM0MlMkZhJTNFLg=='; // Redirect URLs. tdsLeadsItem.subscribedRdrURL = ''; tdsLeadsItem.unSubscribedRdrURL = ''; // AJAX submit. tdsLeadsItem.ajaxSubmit = false; // In composer flag. // info/error messages tdsLeadsItem.messages = {"ack_require":"Acknowledgment is required!","captcha_user_score":"CAPTCHA user score failed. Please contact us!","captcha_failed":"CAPTCHA verification failed!","success_subscribe":"Successfully subscribed!","success_unsubscribe":"Successfully unsubscribed!","input_placeholder":"Email address","unsubscribe_msg":"WW91IGhhdmUgYWxyZWFkeSBzdWJzY3JpYmVkIHRvIHRoaXMgbWFpbGluZyBsaXN0IQ=="}; tdsLeads.addItem( tdsLeadsItem ); }); var td_res_context_registered_atts=["style_general_mobile_menu","style_general_header_align","style_general_header_logo","style_general_mobile_search","style_general_module_header","style_general_header_search","style_general_header_search_trigger_enabled","style_general_header_menu","style_general_bg_featured_image","style_general_single_categories","style_general_single_title","style_general_title_single","style_bg_space","style_general_inline_text","style_general_post_meta","style_general_single_date","style_general_single_content","style_general_single_post_share","style_general_tds_leads","style_general_column_title","style_general_socials","style_general_social3"];