At their core, tools like Instagram, TikTok, and Bluesky are built at a scale—and with algorithms—that are well beyond the grasp of any classroom teacher or even most schools.
Recently–and in ways, not so recently–social media has emphasized itself as, at best, a set of ‘tools’ driven not by ‘socialization’ but algorithms designed to ‘engage’ users.
If families, and workplaces, and institutions, and entire governments can’t figure this out, why should teachers be expect to? Or, more immediately, what *should* teachers be responsible for?
The Myth of Adequate Classroom Control
Take privacy, for example. Recent research makes clear that student data collected by social media platforms is not only extensive, but totally outside the domain of an individual classroom or school. In their 2020 paper, Livingstone & Stoilova write:
“Children are routinely profiled and their data extracted through opaque processes that most parents and teachers are unable to influence, much less explain.” (Livingstone, S., & Stoilova, M., 2020, Journal of Children and Media)
Even with district-issued devices and “walled gardens,” as soon as a student leaves the campus—or sometimes even just the WiFi network—any data safeguards can disappear.
The Risks Go Far Beyond Distraction
Teachers tend to get warnings about cyberbullying or cheating, but the larger issues are systematic and global. Nguyen et al. write in Computers & Education:
“Algorithmic curation determines what information is visible to students; misinformation and biased narratives can reinforce existing stereotypes and even undermine teacher authority in ways that no simple classroom guideline can anticipate.” (Nguyen, N., et al., 2022)
A simple example: Imagine you use a viral news story for a class discussion, only to find out later that the majority of your students discovered that story through a network of coordinated misinformation campaigns masquerading as news. If students end up with more trust in unverified influencers than in vetted, evidence-based sources, the classroom conversation has already been shaped before you ever begin.
Not Just a Teaching Tool, But an Environment
Most teaching advice about social media frames it as a tool, but research shows it is its own kind of environment. Marwick and boyd argue:
“Networked publics are shaped by the affordances of social media, meaning students inhabit a landscape with different norms, privacy expectations, and power structures.” (Marwick, A. & boyd, d., 2014, New Media & Society)
For example, you might use Instagram for a poetry project—but your students’ posts (and likes, and profile data) become part of a broader ecosystem they can’t control or even fully understand.
So What Is the Teacher’s Responsibility?
You cannot fully insulate students from the manipulations of social media, any more than you can monitor what they see on their phones at home. Nor are teachers fully equipped to police the algorithms, massive data collection, or bad actors using these platforms to spread propaganda.
Instead, a more realistic role is helping students understand how these platforms work. Specifically:
- Teach about privacy: Make sure students know that on most platforms, their posts are permanent and their data is collectible and marketable.
- Foster critical consumption: Model fact-checking and teach students to question the reliability and motive of what they see online.
- Highlight manipulation tactics: Discuss the basics of algorithmic feeds, echo chambers, and how bots can distort what appears “popular” or “true.”
- Open conversations about identity and well-being: Social media can shape the way students see themselves, each other, and the wider world.
Practical Examples for the Classroom
- Assign a project where students trace how a viral rumor spreads online—Annenberg’s research on media literacy suggests this real-world connection is more effective than lectures.
- Invite students to analyze screenshots of manipulated images or posts, comparing them to trusted sources.
- Use current events to spark discussion on algorithmic amplification (Why are you seeing this story? Who benefits from its spread?).
Where To Draw the Line
Teachers should not be expected to act as privacy officers or content moderators for global tech companies. The best educators can do is create classroom policies that keep students as safe as possible and focus on building digital citizenship. For younger students, limiting official classroom use of open social platforms is usually wise. For older students, focus on teaching how these tools shape culture, identity, and knowledge itself.
Policy—and the technical and ethical implications—should be debated at the district, state, and national level. As Livingstone & Stoilova note:
“Protective measures, to be effective, require a systemic approach rather than reliance on individual educators or parents.”
More Weight On Teachers?
Obviously, it is not up to teachers individually to ‘solve’ the massive, systemic issues of surveillance, propaganda, and privacy endemic to social media. There’s no one system or set of policies or rules of ‘best practices’ that can even begin to achieve this. The best we can do is, for now, follow the research.
Instead, our responsibility is to help students become thoughtful participants in digital society—aware, skeptical, and equipped to navigate the realities of social media both in and out of the classroom.
References
- Livingstone, S., & Stoilova, M. (2020). “Data and privacy literacy: The role of the school and the teacher.” Journal of Children and Media, 14(1).
- Nguyen, N. et al. (2022). “Algorithmic literacy and critical evaluation in the age of misinformation.” Computers & Education, 179.
- Marwick, A., & boyd, d. (2014). “Networked privacy: How teenagers negotiate context in social media.” New Media & Society, 16(7).
